Joint mobilization is an approach that makes a motion in the reduced direction to restore the normal movement, and the direction of the glide is determined considering the shape of the joint surface. This refers to the inferior glide of the humeral head in shoulder abduction. The humeral head (convex) glides in the opposite direction when it moves to the glenoid (concave). The convex-concave rule is considered a critical theory in physical therapists’ treatment decision-making. Kaltenborn and Evjenth proposed joint mobilization according to the convex-concave rule on glide. įor joint mobilization, physical therapists often use the concepts of Kaltenborn, Maitland, and Mulligan. Self-exercise, joint mobilization and continuous passive movement are often used to enhance ROM. In addition, assessment of pain after the repair using a pain scale, such as the visual analog scale and range of motion (ROM) is important. Repairs for rotator cuff injury continue to increase, and physical therapy for this is important. Rotator cuff injury affects 30% to 40% of the population over the age of 60 years and has a significant impact on medical expenses. In addition, for the stabilization of the humeral head toward the glenoid during shoulder abduction, normal function of the rotator cuff is necessary. An important key to shoulder function is the rotator cuff. In addition, shoulder dysfunction is continuous and repetitive. Generally, 34% of the population complains of shoulder pain more than once in a lifetime, and its prevalence is 20.9%, placing it as the second common impairment in the musculoskeletal system. Keywords : C-arm, Kinematic analysis, Shoulder abduction The results of this study showed that the humeral head moved upward from the starting posture (15°) up to 120° indicating, superior translation, and it moved downward when the posture was past 120°, indicating inferior translation. The humeral head was superiorly translated from the starting posture to 120°, and then, showed an inferior translation to the ending posture (165°). ResultsĪt the starting posture (15°), the central axis of the humeral head was located 1.92 mm inferior to the central axis of the scapula. The distance between the two lines measured is defined as the e value. A line was drawn perpendicularly to the line connecting the humeral head axis to the glenoid, and another line was drawn perpendiculary to the line connecting the scapular axis to the glenoid. The starting posture was 15°, and as the participant abducted his shoulder measurements were taken and analyzed at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and ending at 165°. The participant’s shoulder was abducted this movement in the frontal plane was measured using a C-arm (anterior-posterior view) and was analyzed with computer-aided design. The participant was a healthy man without any limitation and pain during shoulder movement. This study aims to analyze the motion of the humeral head toward the scapula when the shoulder is actively abducted using the C-arm. Despite reliable evidence of abnormal scapular motions increases, there is not yet sufficient evidence of abnormal humeral translations.
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